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    Correlation and regression studies of water quality parameters: A case study of water from the Bhavani river
    (ResearchGate, 2007-07) Dominic Ravichandran
    In this paper, a calculation of correlation coefficient between various water quality parameters of Bhavani river is carried out. The analysis show significant linear relationship between pH, alkalinity, hardness, Ca 2+, Mg2+, concentration of F- and total solids. Finally, multiple regression equation relating hardness with other paramters is developed. The usefulness of correlation and implication of regression equations are discussed.
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    Chicken Bone as a Bioresource for the Bioceramic
    (Taylor & Francis, 2012-06-20) Dominic Ravichandran
    Natural hydroxyapatite (HAP) is isolated from waste chicken bone by thermal calcinations at different temperatures in the range of 200 ◦C to 1000 ◦C. The isolated HAP has been characterized using thermo gravimetric analysis (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission electron microscope (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The XRD results showed that the enhanced crystallinity of HAP phase by thermal calcination above 600 ◦C and the crystal size has been found to increase with increasing temperature of thermal calcinations due to agglomeration. Value addition for the waste chicken bone is given by the isolation of useful bioceramics (HAP) and the optimum temperature for the thermal calcination is found to be 600 ◦C. The isolated HAP has been characterized as carbonated HAP of B type with the hexagonal structure.
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    Marine Polysaccharide (Chitosan) and Its Derivatives as Water Purifier
    (ResearchGate, 2013-04) Dominic Ravichandran
    Chitosan (CH)-based biosorbents are by far the most extensively studied material among those suggested for water and wastewater treatment by biosorption. This is due to their ability to remove a wide range of pollutants and simpler ways to synthesize them [19][20][21][22]. CH is a cationic polymer, and its biosorbents can be held together either by physical interactions like hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, Vander Waal's forces, or by chemical crosslinking by covalent bonds [12,[23][24][25][26][27]. ...
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    Covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes with anthracene by green chemical approach and their temperature dependent magnetic and electrical conductivity studies
    (VIT University, 2013-10-15) Dominic Ravichandran
    Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were covalently functionalized with anthracene in molten urea by a green chemical approach. The anthracene functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (Antf-SWCNTs) were examined along with SWCNTs, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, powder X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The observations revealed the functionalization of SWCNTs by anthracene. The temperature dependent magnetization (300e5 K) and electrical resistivity were also measured for both SWCNTs and Ant-f-SWCNTs. The electrical resistivity of Ant-f-SWCNTs at 300 K was found to be 1.27 KUm, which is much lower than 388.55 KUm for pristine. This indicated a 300 fold increase in conductivity at room temperature for Ant-f-SWCNTs when compared to SWCNTs. The temperature dependence of the conductivity provided an indication of the semiconducting behaviour.
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    Synthesis and study the anti-proliferative effect of new series of 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline derivatives in MCF-7 (human breast cancer) cells
    (VIT University, 2015-06) Dominic Ravichandran
    Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in women world over. MCF-7 cells are useful for in vitro breast cancer studies because the cell line has retained several ideal characteristics particular to the mammary epithelium. These include the ability for MCF-7 cells to process estrogens, in the form of estuarial, via estrogens receptors in the cell cytoplasm. This makes the MCF-7 cell line an estrogens receptor (ER) positive control cell line. In breast cancer cells containing oestrogen receptors both oestrogens and growth factors can stimulate proliferation, invasion and the secretion of a number of proteins.
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    Biodiversity of Chlorococcales (Chlorophyceae) from Cement Factories in and arounded areas of Ariyalur District, Tamil Nadu.
    (European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
    The present paper deals with 114 taxa of Chlorococcales were recorded from different water bodies of Eight Cement factories and nearby Twenty sites of Ariyalur District, Tamil Nadu. These belong to 28 genera. e.g. Chlamydomonas (3), Pandorina (2), Volvox (1), Chlorosarcina (1), Characium (1), Chlorococcum (3), Ettlia (1), Chlorella (6), Golenkinia (1), Tetraedron (11), Keratococcus (1), Oocystis (2), Actinastrum (2), Ankistrodesmus (4), Dactylococcus (1), Kirchneriella (3), Monoraphidium (4), Selenastrum (3), Dictyosphaerium (4), Dimorphococcus (1), Westella (2), Pediastrum (13), Coelastrum (7), Crucigenia (4), Tetrastrum (1), Tedrastrum (1), Desmodesmus (3), Scenedesmus (28). All these microalgal species were recorded first time from this region and out of these 44 species reported first from Tamil Nadu.
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    Identification of Novel Biomarker for the Medicinally Important Speceis of selaginella using MALDI TOF Ms Analysis
    (European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016) Ramasamy, Sakthive
    MALDI profiling has become a good tool for the discovery and validation of biomarkers. In the present study, MALDI-TOF MS has been applied as a tool to identify the biochemical (protein) similarities and variations among the selected Selaginella species viz., Selaginella intermedia (Bl.) Spring, Selaginella inaequalifolia (Hook. et Grev.) Spring, Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring, Selaginella tenera (Hook & Grev.) Spring, Selaginella wightii Hieron., Selaginella brachystachya (Hook. & Grev.) Spring, Selaginella repanda (Desv.) Spring, Selaginella radicata (Hook. & Grev.) Spring, Selaginella bryopteris (L.) Bak and Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston from their natural habitats of South India. MALDI-TOF MS characterization of Selaginella species collected from various localities of South India expressed different ion peaks ranged from 0 - 1, 00,000 kDa. A total of 556 ranging from 491 to 99939 m/z values MALDI-TOF MS spectral peaks were observed. Among the spectral profile of ten Selaginella species, S. involvens displayed maximum number (84) of spectral peaks ranged from 527 to 99215 m/z values and S. radicata depicted minimum number (21) of spectral peaks varied from 694 to 91754 m/z values. Totally, 139 spectral peaks showed the inter-species resemblance among the studied medicinally important Selaginella species. The cladogram constructed based on the unique spectral values displayed both monophyletic group and paraphyletic taxon. The distinguished character of S. tenera, S. involvens, S. wightii, S. brachystachya, S. repanda and S. delicatula is confirmed in the cladogram by the presence of unique m/z values. The unique m/z values can be act as a biochemical marker to identify the specific Selaginella species in chemosystematics and pharmaceutical industries.
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    Enumeration of Total Coliform Faecel Bacteria at two different Fish Landing Centres of Tuticorin
    (European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
    The present investigation was aimed to explore the total coliform, Streptococcus aureus and faecel Streptococcus counts of the sea water from two selected fish landing stations of Tuticorin viz., Thirespuram and Sinthathirai matha kovil areas during 2007-2008. Formation of coliforms are analysed by standard procedure of MPN (Oblinger and Koburger, 1975) and IMVIC test (Poers and Latt, 1977). Enumeration of faecel coliform was detected by membrane filter technique (Bernasoni et al., 2006). The faecel streptococcal screening was carried out using multiple tube dilution method explained by Grasso et al., (2000). The results of two studied stations revealed that, station 2 encountered maximum Streptococcus aureus and faecel Streptococcus count in sea water [1400 MPN/100ml]. At station 1 and 2, maximum coliform count in sea water is 1600 MPN / 100 ml. The sediment samples at station 2 showed maximum total coliform counts [50 cfu / g]. The flesh of fin fish sample also showed invariably higher total coliform and fecal Streptococcus counts at station 2. The total coliform count of fish sample at both stations is recorded above the maximum permissible limit [5200 cfu /g]. Station 1 showed maximum Streptococcous aureus count in fish sample. Of the 2 stations studied, station 2 Sinthathirai matha kovil recorded maximum total coliform and faecel bacteria counts in water than the other station. Thus the results of present study is a preliminary account and it clearly indicates that a systematic study at these two important landing centres viz., Thirespuram and Sinthathirai matha kovil areas over the period of time during 2007-2008.
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    Evaluating the Genetic Affinity of Selaginella species Using Different Isozymic Profiles
    (European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
    The present study was intended to identify the genetic variability among the selected species of Selaginella viz., Selaginella intermedia (Bl.) Spring, Selaginella inaequalifolia (Hook. et Grev.) Spring, Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring & Selaginella tenera (Hook & Grev.) Spring), Selaginella wightii Hieron., Selaginella brachystachya (Hook. & Grev.) Spring & Selaginella repanda (Desv.) Spring, Selaginella radicata (Hook. & Grev.) Spring, Selaginella bryopteris (L.) Bak, Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston with cones), Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston without cones were collected from Western Ghats, South India using different isozymic profiles. PAGE was carried out using standard procedure of Sadasivam and Manickam (1991). The isoenzymes selected for the study includes, esterase, peroxidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase. Multiple regions of activity with a total of thirty eight esterase bands, sixty six peroxidase bands, sixty three acid phosphatase bands, forty eight alkaline phosphatase bands and twelve polyphenol oxidase bands were observed in the isozymic system of studied Selaginella species. Unique banding profiles of esterase, peroxidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase which observed in the studied Selaginella species were used to distinguish the selected Selaginella species and these isozymic profiles will act as biochemical fingerprint for the studied species in plant systematic studies.
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    First report of freshwater microalgae from Ruvuma river, Songea, Tanzania, East Africa
    (European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
    The present work deals with the 24 fresh water algal samples and description of 46 taxa of biodiversity of fresh water algae from Ruvuma river, Songea, Tanzania, East Africa. Collection of 24 fresh water algal samples were carried out during September 2015 to December 2015. Samples were examined in the laboratory and identified. The following micro algae were present Actinastrum (1), Pediastrum (3), Desmodesmus (1), Scenedesmus (2), Spirogyra (3), Penium (1), Closterium (3), Cosmarium (5), Euastrum (1), Staurastrum (1), Melosira (1), Synedra (2), Fragilaria (1), Nitzschia (1), Caloneis (1), Stauronesis (1), Navicula (2), Gomphonema (3), Euglena (2), Phacus (2), Trachelomonas (3), Chroococcus (1), Gomphosphaeria (1), Oscillatoria (3), Anabaena (1) were first time recorded and report. Algae are described with photographs.
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    Phycoremediation of Industrial Effluent from Tannary in Peranampattu and Ambur area of Palar River
    (European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
    The leather industry represents an important economic sector in many countries. On the other hand, it generates large amounts of wastewater containing ammonium ion, sulphides, surfactants, acids, dyes, sulfonated oils and organic substances including natural or synthetic tannins agents. Tannery wastewater treatment is very complex, due to the addition of large number of chemicals in several concentrations. The treatments of these effluents using physical - chemical methods alone are quite expensive technologies. Hence the present work is focused on biological treatment to reduce the pollutants of tannery effluents and through micro algal treatment process taken from the tannery industries Peranampattuand AmburPalar River effluents, Tamil Nadu, India. The effluent samples were characterized by measurements of Physico – chemical properties, such as, BOD, COD, etc.,. In our findings we observed that the consortium of Microalgal species such as Chlorella vulgaris andScenedesmusdimorphusat various ratios (Control, 100:400, 200:300, 250:250, 300:200, 400:100 of algae and effluent concentration respectively) effectively reduces the TDS, COD and BOD level of effluents which was confirmed by the Physico-Chemical measurements at regular interval of 7 days for a period of 21 days. The concentration of algal consortium and effluent 250:250 was found to effectively reduce TDS, BOD and COD levels when compared to individuals. Hence this technology avoids use of chemicals and the whole process of effluent treatment is simplified to make it and eco-friendly & economical.
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    Development of Porous Polysaccharides-Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds via Freeze Drying Method and in vitro Osteoconductivity on MG 63 Cells
    (Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2017) Rajesh,Kumar,Kenie,Ravichandrian
    Tricomponent scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (HAP) with a mixture of polysaccharides have been prepared by freeze drying method and TG,FTIR, XRD and FE-SEM. FTIR and powder XRD analysis were confirmed the formation of composites with strong electrostatic interactions.FE-SEM images showed the porous morphology of the prepared tricomponent scaffolds. The cell proliferation and mineralization of the scaffolds were evaluated through in vitro MTT assay and alkaline phosphatase activity on MG 63 cell line. The study proved that the prepared tricomponent scaffolds have better cell proliferation and mineralization. Moreover, the well dispersion and adhesion of cells on to the scaffolds were evident from the dye stained fluorescent microscopic images. Porosity of the prepared tricomponent scaffolds plays a vital role, which is well corroborated from the higher cell proliferation and mineralization of chitosan/gellan-HAP scaffold. The viscosity and porosity of the scaffolds play a crucial role on the compressive strength of prepared scaffolds
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    Alginate in Bone Tissue Engineering
    (ResearchGate, 2017-12) Dominic Ravichandran
    Regenerative medicine has witnessed a paradigm shift from synthetic implants and tissue grafts to a bone tissue engineering (BTE) approach that incorporates biodegradable bioceramic composite scaffolds with biological cells. Polysaccharides, a biodegradable naturally occurring polymer can be useful either as carriers systems for active biomolecules or as cell carriers. It plays a crucial role to mimic the natural extra cellular matrix (ECM) for the development of 3D scaffold material in BTE and regenerative medicine. Alginate, a natural polysaccharide acts a biodegradable gel when cross-linked with calcium ions. Further, it encapsulates and immobilizes a variety of cells for immunoisolatory and biochemical processing applications. The bone-forming osteoblast cells can easily be attached to the alginate surface and therefore can proliferate well. Hence, alginate is widely utilized in BTE for its bioavailability, biodegradability, and ease of access.
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    Subaltern Studies Orientalism in Subaltern Perspective of the post Colonial Period with Underlying Subjugate Consciousness
    (Literary Endeavour, 2018) K. Sripathi, Sumathi
    To be totally free one needs to be totally aware, because our bondage is rooted in our unconsciousness; it does not come from the outside. Nobody can make you unfree. You can be destroyed but freedom cannot be taken away unless you give it away”. Osho, 'Insights for a new way of living'. This is the major issue of understanding the roots of slavery. Mankind loosing the thought of their individual existence has gone topsy-turvy in unrealistic beliefs and adherence. The facts and issues of the subaltern consciousness speak of this situational psychosis. Many writers from the 18 and 19 centuries have focused their writings on this issue of bondage and the crisis to overcome and to create a legacy has been the truth behind subaltern studies and its perspectives to literary achievement.
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    Effect of Cationic/Anionic Mixed Micelles on Reaction Kinetics of Alkaline Hydrolysis of Crystal Violet
    (Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2018) Ravichadran,Yilma,Negussa
    Kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of crystal violet, a triphenylmethane dye in the micellar environment of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) and binary mixtures of these surfactants was studied. The regression parameters, together with rate constants and binding constants were obtained by analyzing the rate surfactant profiles using cooperativity model. It was observed that the reaction was catalyzed by both surfactants. The catalytic factor increased by 10 times in SDS and 38 times in CTAB indicating that binding of crystal violet to the micellar surface is stronger in pure CTAB than SDS but the strength drastically reduced in the mixtures of the surfactants. Reduction of binding constant became more important as the mole fraction of CTAB was improved in the mixture. The kinetic data were investigated using Piszkiewicz model and Raghavan-Srinivasan model. The data obtained from the models were in good agreement with the experimental values.
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    A Research Analysis on Phytochemical and the Activities of Antibacterial in Piper betel varieties (Kaara Vetrilai and Vellai Vetrilai)
    (International Journal on Recent Advancement in Biotechnology & Nanotechnology, 2019) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
    Piper betel is a well-known ethno-botanical medicinal plant whose leaf is known to possess antiseptic, antileslmian and antimicrobial properties. Considering these properties a preliminary study on the phytochemical present in Piper betel was carried to find the presence of any new antibacterial compounds .Two varieties (Kaaravetrilai and Vellaivetrilai) of Piper betel leaves were collected from the various local markets. Fresh and dry leaf sample were used for phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity. Based on the qualitative analysis of Piper betel it was found to contain Tannins, Flavanoids, Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Saponins, Cardiac Glycosides and Glycosides .The extract was obtained from dried leaves using ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform and also aqueous extract was obtained using these crude extract an attempt was made to find out their antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity studies showed the prominent zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Further, the isolation and identification of the extract using GC-MASS, HPTLC, NMR etc., will be carried out in future.
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    A Study on Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Piper betel varieties (Kamar and Kumbakonam Vetrilai)
    (International Journal on Recent Advancement in Biotechnology & Nanotechnology, 2019) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
    Piper betel is a well-known ethno-botanical medicinal plant whose leaf is known to possess antiseptic, antileshmian and antimicrobial properties. Considering these properties a preliminary study on the phytochemicals presentin Piper betel was carried to find the presence of any new antibacterial compounds. Two varieties (Kamar and Kumbakonamvetrilai) of Piper betel leaves were collected from various local markets. Fresh and dry leaf samples were used for phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity. Based on the qualitative analysis of Piper betel it was found to contain Tannins, Flavanoids, Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Saponins, Cardiac Glycosides and Glycosides. The extract was obtained from dried leaves using ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform and also aqueous extract was obtained. Using these crude extracts an attempt was made to find out their antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity studies showed the prominent zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli.Further, the isolation and identification of the extract using GC-MASS, HPTLC, NMR etc., will be carried out in future.
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    Language, Literature and Creativity: A Fusion for Human Development
    (International Journal of English, 2019) K. Sripathi, Sumathi
    The paper aims to bring in an understanding of the concept of Language, Literature and Creativity, which enhances human sensibilities, thereby enforcing a fusion among the three to sustain humanity. It is crucial to bring in the focus as the fusion of language, literature and creativity produces prominent work of art. As far as English Literature is concerned writers of outstanding works of art using this ideology to bring in a remarkable literary piece of work into reality. This perspective brings rapid change to the existing order of writing patterns and at the same time, arouses interests to the audience. Emphasis is made to break the stereotype systems to establish the positivistic nature of the human inquiry. The future of humanities of English Literature dwells in the fusion which can be realised in most writings of literature.
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    Challenges In Education
    (Skyfox Publishing Group, 2020) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
    A great emphasis, now a day, is placed on achievement right from the beginning of formal education. Achievement is a paramount importance, particularly in the present socio-economic and cultural contexts. It is a task-oriented behavior that allows the individual’s performance to be evaluated according to some internally or externally imposed criterion that involves some standard of excellence. Many teachers face several challenges in teaching. These problems show their impact on achievement of pupils. Realizing the inter-relationship between problems of teaching and teachers and achievement of pupils, a research study has been undertaken on a large scale. This book gives all details of the study which help the administrators and teachers in enhancing the achievement of pupils. This particular book is titled: Challenges in Education. We hope that the book will prove its worth by fulfilling the needs of those for whom it has been specifically designed. Any suggestion for its improvement in future will be gratefully acknowledged and warmly appreciated.
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    Students Satisfaction Level Towards Innovative Practice in Classroom Teaching an Empirical Analysis
    (Studies in Indian Place Names, 2020) A. Fatima Mary
    Innovativeness is the part of educational practice towards younger generation. Students’ satisfaction is an essential tool can be used for measuring the quality of education. It can be defined as a short term attitude resulting from an evaluation of feedback from the students, educational experience, services and facilities. In the field of Education, in order to attract the student’s mindset latest technology were used and able to understand the students’ psychology and teaching methods. In this study the researcher used Chi Square analysis by using IBM SPSS 25.